Comparison of Different Types of Clean-Energy Vehicles: The Need for More Environment Friendly Automotive Technologies. JAMA Brochures.

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The Need for More Environment — Friendly Automotive Technologies

Comparison of Different Types of Clean-Energy Vehicles				Exhaust emissions				Vehicle performance
				Urban area			Global scale	Output	Driving range
				NOx	CO/HC	Particulate matter (PM)	CO₂	Output	Driving range
Gasoline vehicles
Diesel vehicles
Clean-energy vehicles	CNG (compressed natural gas) vehicles
	LNG (liquefied natural gas) vehicles
	Methanol vehicles	Otto-type engine
	Methanol vehicles	Diesel-type engine
	Hybrid vehicles	Parallel type	Diesel engine & pressure accumulator
			Diesel engine & electric motor
			Otto engine & electric motor
		Serial type	Otto engine & electric motor
		Serial & parallel type	Otto engine & electric motor
	Electric vehicles
	Fuel cell-powered vehicles
	Hydrogen vehicles
	LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) vehicles
	Solar cars
NOTE: based on vehicle performance relative to that of gasoline vehicles (indicated as ). Exhaust emissions do not include the volume of gases generated in the fuel production process. KEY: Inferior Superior.